Darwin was a protestant Unitarian, no? Plus, the Catholic church has no issues with evolution - the guys who do are evangelical protestant christians (mostly), whose version of the bible seems to consist mainly of "the Earth is flat.", "Homosexuals are an abomination.", and "Sarah Palin is a smart woman" (or something like that).
Galileo was a personal friend of pope Urban VIII and a devout catholic and did his best to abide by the church's prohibition of advocating the Copernican system, even though he did discuss it, since the church had not explicitly forbidden hypothetical discussion of it. The "Dialogues..." that brought him into trouble never explicitly supported the motion of the Earth or attacked the church, even though they were interpreted that way by Galileo's enemies in the church. The pope supported Galileo on several occasions but ultimately had to think of himself and his position as pope after being more or less accused of being "soft on defence" of the church's interests and doctrines (no, US politicians did not invent that politically powerful accusation).
This is not very surprising. The Vatican back then was the centre of the Papal States (which Pope Urban VIII helped expand by military campains, btw) and there was a lot of real world politics (and behind the scenes, borgia-esque machinations like bribery, nepotism, incest, assassinations and many more).
In any case, the true story is a lot more complex and interesting than the binary "Good Guy Galileo vs. Scumbag Pope" that is so popular (less to wrap your mind around, I guess), especially since this was the Renaissance and no one was just pope or just cardinal or just scientist, etc. - they all had other roles, interests, and many were successful in multiple domains (like for example Vincenzo Maculani: Cardinal, (military) architect, and inquisitor...).
p.s. Pre-emptively: I am well aware that the Borgias were a century earlier, which is why I used "borgia-esque".