So I'll be the jerk who plays this straight: That kind of delayed punishment totally doesn't work for dogs. The best thing you can do is to keep the dog away from the table. If the dog can be near the table, you need to be attentive. At the moment the dog makes a move to get up on the table, yell "no!" or whatever (but not the dog's name) and walk over to use your "body language" to intimidate the dog away from the table and out of the room. Unless the dog has made a huge habit of getting up on the table (and/or has gotten a lot of people food by climbing up on the table) it shouldn't take too many rounds of this instantaneous correction to get the dog to stop doing it.

If the dog has gotten food off the table by climbing up, and done it a bunch of times, then you've created a bit of a monster. Being attentive and using instantaneous correction will be the fastest way to change the behavior.

But dog's brains just don't "get it" when the punishment happens several minutes (or even several seconds) after they perform a behavior.